The graph shows the evolution of the 12 GFD sectors that make up the American economy over the past 200 years. They say a picture is worth a thousand words, and that is certainly true of the picture below. Who knows what the GICS will look like 10 years from now. Since then Real Estate has increased the number of sectors to 11 and Telecommunications has become Communications. Over time other sectors were introduced and in 1999, MSCI and S&P created the Global Industry Classification System (GICS) which broke the stock market down into 10 sectors. When stock market indices were introduced in the 1800s, there were two types of indices, railroads and industrials. Railroads represented over 80% of the stock market by the middle of the 1800s. Oddly enough, there were 11 sectors in 1825 as there are 11 sectors in the GICS system today.Īs the stock market evolved, so did the sector classification. Gas, Light & Coke Companies received a separate classification in 1819, and by 1825, The Course of the Exchange had 11 sectors: Canals, Docks, Assurance, Bridges, Water Works, Literary Institutions, Mines, Gas Light & Coke Companies, Roads, Iron Railways and Miscellaneous as the main components of the British stock market. Mines, Bridges and Literary Institutions were added in 1817. By 1845 there were not 3 railroads but 244 railroads. On August 30, 1811, Iron Railways were added as a sector, including the Surrey, Cheltenham and Severn and Wye Iron Railroads. On January 1, 1811, coverage expanded to two pages and stocks were divided into different sectors: canals, docks, assurance, water works and miscellaneous companies. Twenty securities were listed in The Course of the Exchange from 1747 to 1811 as a group. INX, and $SPX, depending on market or website.The Course of the Exchange made the first attempt to break the stock market down into sectors in 1811 when it expanded its coverage of stocks to include shares other than the three sisters, the Bank of England, South Sea stock and East India Company that dominated the English stock market in the 1700s.
The index is associated with many ticker symbols, including ^GSPC. The index is one of the factors in computation of the Conference Board Leading Economic Index, used to forecast the direction of the economy. The components that have increased their dividends in 25 consecutive years are known as the S&P 500 Dividend Aristocrats. As of August 31, 2022, the nine largest companies on the list of S&P 500 companies accounted for 27.8% of the market capitalization of the index and were, in order of highest to lowest weighting: Apple, Microsoft, Alphabet,, Tesla, Berkshire Hathaway, UnitedHealth Group, Johnson & Johnson and ExxonMobil. The S&P 500 index is a free-float weighted/capitalization-weighted index. As of December 31, 2020, more than $5.4 trillion was invested in assets tied to the performance of the index. It is one of the most commonly followed equity indices. The Standard and Poor's 500, or simply the S&P 500, is a stock market index tracking the stock performance of 500 of the largest companies listed on stock exchanges in the United States.
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